Don’t know much about Middle Eastern history
Don’t know much about Middle Eastern history
The appalling ignorance of Hamas supporters
Clifford D. May - THE WASHINGTON POST - NOV 15, 2023
Veteran newsman Brit Hume noted last weekend that he’s been watching interviews with students participating in pro-Palestinian demonstrations and has found them “truly discouraging. The level of ignorance of the history of the region and even the events of the past month is breathtaking.”
Why are these young people seething with anger over a situation they don’t begin to understand?
I’m going to leave that troubling question for another day. Instead, I’m going to address less impassioned readers who may not know much about Middle Eastern history for the very good reason that they have jobs and families and a multitude of other concerns.
If that’s you, give me five minutes to draw you a map of the long and winding trail that has led to the current conflict.
Start with this observation by the late Charles Krauthammer: Israel “is the only nation on earth that inhabits the same land, bears the same name, speaks the same language, and worships the same God that it did 3,000 years ago.”
Jews also may have been the earliest anti-imperialists.
Punishments for their rebellion against the Roman Empire in132 CE included slaughter, slavery, and expulsion.
Adding insult to injury, Emperor Hadrian renamed Judea, the land of the Jews, “Provincia Syria Palaestina.”
Palestine referred to the Philistines, a sea-faring people from Greece who settled in in the coastal territory of Canaan and became enemies of the Jews. Think David and Goliath, Samson and Delilah.
The Philistines would later be defeated by Assyrians and Babylonians and cease to exist as a separate people.
It was not until the 7th century CE that an army from Arabia, fired by the new religion of Islam, conquered, occupied, and ruled what Jews and Christians had come to call the Holy Land.
Over the centuries that followed, one empire after another ruled Jerusalem, also known as Zion, and the territories around it. Small communities of Jews remained and survived in Palestine, which never became an independent nation-state.
Jews forced to flee to other lands and their descendants reminded themselves of their roots by closing Passover dinners with, “Next Year in Jerusalem” and facing the ruins of the Temple of Solomon when praying.
Early in the 16th century, the Ottoman Turks conquered and ruled the land, using their own names for their provinces.
In the late 19th century, Jews in Europe, increasingly subject to pogroms and other forms of persecution, began returning to their ancient homeland where they purchased land, irrigated deserts, drained swamps, and built collective farms known as kibbutzim.
In 1909, they founded a city on a sand dune north of Jaffa and called it Tel Aviv. The economic opportunities they created attracted immigrants, not least Arabs, from surrounding lands.
Following World War I, the British Empire displaced the Ottoman Empire, and with a hat tip to the Romans renamed the land “Palestine.”
In 1921, the British awarded the eastern 77% of Palestine to the Hashemites, the clan that had for centuries ruled Mecca but whose continuing presence in Arabia would not be tolerated by the ascendant Royal House of Saud.
Under a mandate from the League of Nations, the British were to develop within the remainder of Palestine a “Jewish National Home” in recognition of “the historical connection of the Jewish people with Palestine.”
The goal, said Winston Churchill in 1922, was “the further development of the existing Jewish community” that is “in Palestine as of right and not on sufferance.”
In 1947, after World War II and the Holocaust, the U.N. proposed partitioning western Palestine into two states: One for the Jews and one for the Arabs.
Jewish leaders agreed. Arab leaders did not and, joined by five neighboring Arab nations, waged a war to kill the fledgling Jewish state. They failed and called their failure the Nakba, the catastrophe.
Over the years that followed, Jews were driven out of Iraq, Egypt, Lebanon, Libya, Yemen, and other lands where they had lived since before the advent of Islam.
Israel absorbed the refugees. Today, only about 30% of Israelis are from families who emigrated from Europe.
Egypt, Syria, and Jordan waged another full-fledged war to wipe Israel off the map in 1967. Again, the Israelis prevailed, dislodging Egyptians from Gaza and Jordanians from the West Bank – formerly known as Judea and Samaria – including east Jerusalem from which, after 1948, the Jordanians had expelled the Jews they didn’t kill.
The Israelis suggested a “land-for-peace” deal. But the Arab League issued “The Three No’s”: no peace with Israel, no recognition of Israel, no negotiations with Israel.
In 2005, the Israelis did something unprecedented: In hope of peaceful coexistence, they voluntarily withdrew from Gaza, uprooting almost 9,000 Israeli citizens from a territory which had a long Jewish history.
After defeating its rival, Fatah – first in an election and then militarily – Hamas could have made Gaza free from the Israeli border to the sea.
But killing Israelis was its obsession, with support from Iran’s rulers who for 44 years have threatened the Jewish-majority state with genocide because, in the brave new empire they intend to establish, there cannot be self-determination for infidels.
In response to the meta-holocaust of Oct. 7, Israeli soldiers are now stripping Hamas of its military capabilities, so that never again can these savages engage in genocidal terrorism on Israeli soil.
To express their opposition to this mission, supporters of Hamas and Tehran and their know-nothing fellow travelers spent Veterans Day in New York City pulling down American flags, and Remembrance Day in London draping Palestinian flags over war monuments.
They may not know much about Middle Eastern history and the events of the past month, but we know what they will destroy if we let them.
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Clifford D. May is founder and president of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD) and a columnist for the Washington Times.
https://www.fdd.org/analysis/2023/11/15/dont-know-much-about-middle-eastern-history/